Recurrent aphthous stomatitis

General Medicine, 2023, 25(6), 60-70.

V. M. Tsitu, D. Rallis, M. Tsekova, N. Yanev

Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University – Sofia

Abstract. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a persistent inflammatory disorder of the oral mucosal tissues, representing one of the most prevalent clinical afflictions in this region. Characterized by recurrent, painful mouth ulcers, these lesions are not linked to any specific underlying systemic disease. Given the regular presentation of these ulcers, an exhaustive differential diagnostic procedure is indispensable to eliminate other plausible etiologies, especially considering its prevalence rates, which fluctuate between 5% and 60% in various studies. The zenith of its manifestation is observed primarily during the second decade of life. While the exact etiopathogenesis remains a conundrum, it is hypothesized that, in those with genetic susceptibility, distinct triggers can activate a proinflammatory cytokine response targeting specialized zones of the oral mucosa. Morphologically, these ulcers are distinguished by their round or oval shape, prominent erythematous borders, and a central ulcerative area cloaked by a grayish-yellow fibrinous pseudomembrane. Despite the recurrence of these lesions over varying time frames, there is a dearth of standardized or curative treatments. The overarching therapeutic objective hinges on pain mitigation, curtailment of ulcer persistence, and prophylaxis against subsequent outbreaks.

Key words: recurrent aphthous stomatitis, diagnosis, treatment

Address for correspondence: Assist. prof. Virna-Mariya Tsitu, MD, PhD, e-mail: maria-tsitou@hotmail.co.uk