Postoperative complications following oncoplastic surgery for breast cancer

Medical Review (Med. pregled), 2024, 60(5), 30-37.

Tsv. Popov, A. Arabadzhiev, I. Miteva, M. Sokolov, Sv. Maslyankov

Clinic of Surgery, University Hospital “Alexandrovska”; Department of Surgery, Medical University – Sofia

Abstract. Introduction. Oncoplastic breast surgery (OPBS) has emerged as a major approach in the modern treatment of breast cancer, integrating oncological principles with plastic surgery techniques aimed at optimizing cosmetic results without compromising oncological safety. Despite the advantages of these methods, the frequency of postoperative complications remains a critical consideration in surgical planning. Aim. To explore and review the postoperative complications after OPBS. Materials and methods. Main medical databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus, as well as clinical data from the Clinic of Surgery at Alexandrovska University Hospital, were used to prepare this literature review. Results and discussion. Complications following oncoplastic breast surgery (OPBS) are categorized into early and late, predominantly linked to oncological breast excision, axillary lymph node dissection, and subsequent reconstruction. Early complications encompass infections, hematomas, wound dehiscence, and such related to compromised tissue vitality and perfusion. Late complications, including asymmetry and implant-related, manifest months to years after surgery, underscoring the necessity for prolonged follow-up. Moreover, postoperative radiotherapy and systemic therapy frequently contribute to complications, impacting both shortand long-term outcomes. Conclusion. Precise patient selection, optimal surgical technique and comprehensive postoperative care are essential factors for minimizing complications after OPBS.

Key words: oncoplastic surgery, breast cancer, complications, management, treatment

Address for correspondence: Tsvetan Popov, MD, e-mail: ts.popov@medfac.mu-sofia.bg