Main drug classes with diabetogenic potential
General Medicine, 2025, 27(1), 43-50.
M. Hristov1, Tsv. Kirilov1, A. Nankova2, D. Vasileva1, L. Petrov1, A. Ivanova1, P. Gateva1
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University ‒ Sofia
2 Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University ‒ Sofia
Abstract. Drug-induced diabetes mellitus is a significant clinical issue that requires increased attention due to its short and long-term complications. Numerous medications, including glucocorticoids, growth hormone, thiazide diuretics, beta-blockers, protease inhibitors, calcineurin inhibitors, fluoroquinolones, antipsychotics, and statins, can cause hyperglycemia and diabetes. The main risk factors include high drug doses, prolonged use, and comorbid conditions. Early recognition and regular monitoring of patients are essential to prevent adverse effects and optimize therapy. Considering the rising prevalence of diabetes and the expanded use of these drug classes, raising awareness of their diabetogenic potential and implementing preventive measures is crucial. This review examines the major drug groups that may induce hyperglycemia and diabetes, providing data on the frequency of these effects and identifying risk factors.
Key words: diabetes mellitus, glucocorticoids, thiazide diuretics, beta-blockers, protease inhibitors, fluoroquinolones,
antipsychotics, statins
Address for correspondence: Milen Hristov, тел.: +359 29515652; e-mail: milen_hristov@abv.bg; mhristov@medfac.mu-sofia.bg